RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 2021, No. 5, P. 509–522


FOREST RECLAMATION OF THE COAL DUMPS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRESERVING THE FAUNA DIVERSITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KUZNETSK COAL BASIN
A. V. Kovalevskiy 1,2, I. V. Tarasova1, Ye. M. Luchnikova1, A. V. Filippova1, L. A. Voronina3, S. I. Gashkov3, V. B. Il’yashenko1, K. S. Zubko1, A. V. Smetanin1,4, D. A. Yefimov1
1Kemerovo State University,
Krasnaya st. 6, Kemerovo 650000, Russia,
E-mail: passer125@yandex.ru
2Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute,
Markovtseva st. 5, Kemerovo 5650056, Russia
3Tomsk State University,
Lenin ave. 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia,
4Kemerovo Regional Society of Hunters and Fishermen,
Tushinskaya st. 19, Kemerovo 650021, Russia


Received 11 March 2021
As a result of active development of coal seams, up to several thousand hectares of natural landscapes are destroyed annually on the of the Kuznetsk coal basin. Biological reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations is aimed at preventing erosion and at rapid restoration of plant communities. This approach does not take into account the biological needs of the fauna component of the biocenosis at all. Scots pine, widely used in Siberia for recultivation, forms thickened dead-cover communities with few species involved, where even after 40 years the diversity of plants and animals does not reach even half of the species composition of natural biotopes. Modern concepts of the biological diversity conservation call for reclamation in line with ecological restoration. In order to preserve biological diversity, native plants of the corresponding natural zone should be used for recultivation. As an additional burden comes the formation of a favourable habitat for the animal world representatives. For a comfortable existence, animals need breeding, feeding and resting zones, each of which must meet certain environmental conditions. Ideally, they should be all situated within the boundaries of the animal’s individual area. Therefore, when restoring disturbed landscapes, it is necessary to use as many species of trees and shrubs as possible, planted in a mosaic pattern by biogroups and clumps. The proportion of shrubs should be about 50%. Since the greatest abundance of animals is observed in ecotone areas, it is necessary to provide for the formation of an extended forest edge line, the presence of "forest glades" and the planting of fruit bushes and trees that perform forage functions. It is the formation of mosaic plantations that will create protective and forage conditions necessary for animals to live in reclaimed territories.
Keywords: coal mining, environmental crisis, biodiversity, dendroflora, fauna.
Acknowledgements: The study has been carried out with the financial support from RFBR № 20-44-420008
DOI: 10.31857/S0024114821050065


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